6. Is cellular respiration endergonic or exergonic? 7. How many
ATP produces 1 glucose in cellular respiration? 8. What percentage
energy from glucose will be found in the ATP made from this
glucose? 9. NAD+ and FAD are coenzymes that work like electrons
carriers. How many electrons and H+ does each carry? 10. List the
four phases of cellular respiration. 11. In _____________, the enzymes
rearrange a six-carbon glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules
molecules. 12. How many carbons does pyruvate contain? 13.
Glycolysis takes place in the _____________ of the cell. 14. It’s
Aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis? 15. How much ATP makes 1 glucose
fermentation yield? 16. Define substrate-level phosphorylation.
17. In the energy investment stage, how much ATP is used? 18. In
in the energy recovery step, how much ATP is gained? NADH? 19. If
oxygen is not available, what about pyruvate? 20. In Animals
cells, what is the end product of fermentation? 21. In yeast cells,
what is the end product of fermentation? 22. Give an example of
useful product of bacterial fermentation. 23. Give an example
of a useful product of yeast fermentation. 24. Define Oxygen
debt. 25. How is fermentation in muscle cells beneficial? 26. Who
Is there a more effective one, fermentation or cellular respiration?
Explain. 27. In cellular respiration, the second stage is called
on __________________, and takes place on ______________ of
the cell. 28. What gas is released during the preparatory reaction?
29. How many NADH are formed? ATP? 30. Draw a mitochondria showing
inner and outer membranes, ridges, matrix and intermembrane space.
31. The third stage is called ____________________________ and
occurs in the _________________ of the mitochondria. 32. How many
NADH and FADH2 are formed in the citric acid cycle (also known as the Kreb cycle
Cycle)? 33. Why is it called the Kreb cycle? 34. How much ATP is produced
by substrate-level phosphorylation in the citric acid cycle? 35.
Where do electrons go when donated by coenzymes?
36. Where is the electron transport chain located in eukaryotes? On the inside
aerobic prokaryotes? 37. Which element is the final acceptor of the
eˉ of the electron transfer chain? 38. How much ATP is generated
electrons donated by NADH? FADH2? 39. What Happens to NADH
and FADH2 after donating their electrons to ETC? 40.
What happens to the H+ transported by NADH and FADH2? 41. Dark Meat
of a chicken contains more than which organelle? What does that mean?
42. Complete the following table of end products for each stage:
Glycolysis ATP NADH FADH2 Preparatory reaction ATP NADH FADH2
Citric acid cycle ATP NADH FADH2 Electron transport chain ATP NADH
FADH2 43. Define catabolism. 44. Define anabolism. 45. List three
Similarities Between Chloroplasts and Mitochondria. 46. Your
body uses protein for energy? 47. Why there are no anaerobes
elephants?
6. Cellular respiration releases energy. It is therefore a
exergonic reaction.
7. 1 molecule of glucose in complete oxidation produces 38 ATP. of them
ATPs are initially used to start the process of glycolysis. So
the net gain of ATP in the oxidation of a molecule of glucose is
36 ATP. The total production is 38 ATP.
10. Cellular respiration is performed to obtain energy by
oxidizing molecules like carbohydrates and fats.
Cellular respiration takes place in 4 stages. (Socket
carbohydrates for example)
The first step is glycolysis where 1 molecule of glucose is broken down
up to 2 molecules of pyruvate.
The second step is the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl
coenzyme A.
The third step is the citric acid cycle in which acetyl coenzyme A
is completely broken down into water and CO2
The fourth step is the electron transport chain in which ATP is
generated from the reducing equivalents that form during the
3 first steps.
11. In glycolysis, enzymes rearrange a
six-carbon glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules.
12. In glycolysis we can see that a molecule of glucose is
broken down directly (without any addition) into 2 molecules of
pyruvate. In this way, we can say that priuvate is a carbon 3
compound.
13. The enzymes necessary for glycolysis are present in the
cell cytoplasm. Thus, glycolysis occurs in the
Cell cytoplasm.
14. Glycolysis is a common pathway for aerobic and
anaerobic degradation of glucose. In aerobic respiration ends with
pyruvate, in anaerobic respiration ends in lactate.
15. During fermentation, glucose is broken down anaerobically into
Ethanol and CO2. Glucose first breaks down into 2 pyruvate molecules
then the pyruvate is converted into ethanol. As the yield of ATP in
glycolysis is 2 fermentation yield will also be 2 ATP only
because no ATP is produced during the conversion of pyruvate to
ethanol.
Produces only 2 ATP.